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Job Digest English The Verb

by Farhana Rahim on 2024-08-15 12:16:42 Last Updated by Farhana Rahim on2024-08-15 12:16:42

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The Verb

1. Finite verb (??????? ??????): ?? verb ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????� Finite verb ???? ????? He knows it, I want a mango.

Finite verb: Finite verb ??????? ??’??????? ???? 1.Principal verb; 2.Auxiliary Verb
Principal verb ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? i) Transitive verb; ii) Intransitive verb

1. Transitive verb: ?? verb ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? transitive Verb ???(?? verb ?? object ????)?

Examples:
He flies a kite.
He goes to school.
He always drink tea.

1. Intransitive verb: ?? verb ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? object ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? Intransitive Verb ????(????? sing, fly, sleep, stop, sit, rest, fail, break, close, die, sink, smoke, surrender, open ???????)Intransitive verb ?? ???????

Example:
The girl sings. Bird flies.
He cannot swim.
The car stopped.
Mother laughs.

1. Non-finite verb: ?? verb ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? verb ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????� Non-finite verb ????

Examples:
He is going to play cricket.
He wants to help the poor.
We like to play cricket.
She does not like to read magazine.
No-filite verb ?? Verbal ??? ??????????? (1) Infinitive; (2) Participle; (3) Gerund;

1. Infinitives

To + verb ?? base form ?????? verb ??� present form ?? ??????� to ?????� Infinitives ??? ??? ???
Examples:
They want to play cricket.
I told him to the work.
Types of infinitive: Infinitive??? ??????:

1. Simple or Noun-infinitive: Infinitive ???� noun ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? Simple ?? Noun infinitive ?????? ?????? infinitive� noun ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? subject, object, complement ??????? ?????? ??????? ???

Examples:
To tell a lie is a sin. (Subject ????)
They want to play. (Object ????)
We want you to go there. (Complement ????)

1. Gerundial or Qualofying� Infivirive : ??? Infinitive ??? Adjective ?? Adverb ???? ??? ??? ??? ????� Gerundial ?? Qualifying Infinitive ?????? ?????� Infinitive ??? ???????? ( Purpose); ???? (cause);� ???? (Condition); ????? ( Result) ??????? ?????? ??????? ???

Examples:
I participated in the meeting to my paper. (???????? ?? Purpose)
They are happy to win the game. (???? ?? cause)
You can have my pen only to write a letters. (???? ?? Condition)
The studied hard to get good marks in the exam. (????? ?? Condition)
Forms of Infinitive:

1. Present Infinitive: to play, to work, to do
2. Present Continuous Infinitive: to be playing, to be studying, to be working.
3. Perfect Infinitive: to have worked, to have killed, to have helped.
4. Perfect continuous Infinitive: to have been working, to have been playing.
5. Bare Infinitive : Infinitive ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????� Bare infinitive ????

Bare Infinitive-?? ???????
????? verb ????? ??? Infinitive (to) ??? ??? can, could, may, might, shall, should, would, do ????????
Examples:
I can do the work.
We must obey our teachers.
He will help me.
feel, hear, let, see, make, watch ??????? verb ?? ??? Infinitive ( to) ??? ???
Examples:
I saw him go.
He let me help him.
Note: Passive voice ? see, hear, ??? make ?? ???� Infinitive (to) ??????? ???
Examples:
He was seen to go.
He was made to do the work.
Had better, had rather, had sooner, would rather, would sooner. Rather than, sooner than, as soon ???????? ??? Infinitive (to) ??? ???
Examples:
You had better go home now.
You would rather stay here.

1. Participle

�� Verb ?? ?? form ??? ???? verb� ??? adjective� ?? ??? ??? ???? Participle ????
Examples:
A barking dog seldom bites.
A killed snake can not cause any harm.
????? ?????? verb ??? ????? ing ??? ??? ‘barking’ verb ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ‘??????’ ???? ?????? ??? verb ?? ??? ????? ???? ‘barking’ ?????? ‘dog’ noun ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? adjective ?? ??? ??????????? ‘barking’ verb form ?? Participle ??????? ????????? ‘kill’ verb-???� Past Participle form ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ‘snake’ noun ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? adjective ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ‘killed verb form ?? Participle.
Types of Participle: participle ? ??????:

1. Present Participle: verb ?? Present form ?? ???? ing ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? verb ???� Adjective ?? ??? ??? ????� Present Participle ???? Present Participle ?????? ????? ???? ??????

Examples:
Do not disturb a sleeping man.
Do not get on the running bus.
Can you see the floating flower.

1. Past Participle: Verb ?? ???? d, ed, t, ne, en ????? verb form ??? ??? ???? verb ???� adjective ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? past participle ????Past Participle ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????

Examples:
A killed snake cannot bite.
The broken machine is of no use.
I was looking for my stolen books.

1. Perfect Participle: Having + verb ?? Past Participle

Verb ??� Past Participle ?? ????? having ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? verb ??? Adjective ?? ??? ??? ???? Perfect Participle ????
Examples:
Having eaten rice, she went to bed.
Having passed M.A. he got a good job.
Having finished studing, he went to eat.

1. Gerund

Verb + ing :Verb ?? present form ?? ???? ing ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? verb ??? Noun ?? ??? ??? ???? Gerund ????
Examples:
Running is a good exercise.
Reading is a good habit.
Swimming is a good exercise
????? ?? Sentence ???? ‘is’ verb ?? ???????? ????? ????? sugject. ?? Sentence �?? subject ?????? Noun ??????? ??????? Running ?????? ???? verb ?? ?? ??? ??????????? Running� ?????? (Run + ing)� ??? ???? noun ? Verb ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? Gerund ??????? ?? ? ?? Sentence� ?? Reading ??? Swimming ???? ??’??? Gerund.
Gerund ?? ????????

1. Subject ???? : Rising early is a good habit.
2. Object ???? : I like playing cricket.
3. Preposition� ??� Object ???? : He is fond of playing
4. Verb ?? Compliment ???? : Working is earning.My hobby is gardening.
5. Compound Noun ?? ??????? : This is my reading room. Put aside your reading materials.
6. Nomiative Absolute: Walking being a good exercise, I will walk everyday.

Gerund with Possessives:
Gerund ?? ?????? Possessive case (his, her, your, our, my, their, Rahim’s)-?? Noun ?? Pronoun ??????? ??? ?????
Examples:
He does not like my going here.
I don’t like his doing this.
They insisted on Rahim’s doing this.
Verbal Noun:
Gerund-?? ?????? The ??? ??? of� ??????? ??? ???? Verbal Noun ????
??? : The + gerund + of �?????? The + verb (ing) + of
Examples:
The reading of newspaper is a good habit.
The playing of cricket is very interesting.
The taking of exercise is good for health.